TCP/IP is based on a four-layer reference model. All protocols that belong to the TCP/IP protocol suite are located in the top three layers of this model.
In Figure shown below illustrate the TCP/IP Model with protocols belongs to appropriate layer.
Breif Description:
Application Layer:
Description:
Defines TCP/IP application protocols and how host programs interface with transport layer services to use the network.
Protocols:
HTTP, Telnet, FTP, TFTP, SNMP, DNS, SMTP, X Windows, other application protocols.
Transport Layer:
Description:
Provides communication session management between host computers. Defines the level of service and status of the connection used when transporting data.
Protocols:
TCP, UDP, RTP.
Internet Layer:
Description:
Packages data into IP datagrams, which contain source and destination address information that is used to forward the datagrams between hosts and across networks. Performs routing of IP datagrams.
Protocols:
IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP.
Network interface Layer:
Description:
Specifies details of how data is physically sent through the network, including how bits are electrically signaled by hardware devices that interface directly with a network medium, such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, or twisted-pair copper wire.
Protocols:
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, X.25, Frame Relay, RS-232, v.35.
In Figure shown below illustrate the TCP/IP Model with protocols belongs to appropriate layer.
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| TCP/IP Model |
Breif Description:
Application Layer:
Description:
Defines TCP/IP application protocols and how host programs interface with transport layer services to use the network.
Protocols:
HTTP, Telnet, FTP, TFTP, SNMP, DNS, SMTP, X Windows, other application protocols.
Transport Layer:
Description:
Provides communication session management between host computers. Defines the level of service and status of the connection used when transporting data.
Protocols:
TCP, UDP, RTP.
Internet Layer:
Description:
Packages data into IP datagrams, which contain source and destination address information that is used to forward the datagrams between hosts and across networks. Performs routing of IP datagrams.
Protocols:
IP, ICMP, ARP, RARP.
Network interface Layer:
Description:
Specifies details of how data is physically sent through the network, including how bits are electrically signaled by hardware devices that interface directly with a network medium, such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, or twisted-pair copper wire.
Protocols:
Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, X.25, Frame Relay, RS-232, v.35.
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